Calais, - Caletum, sive Calesium, vulgo Cales, .. |
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Description
TRANSLATION OF CAPTION: Caletum or Calesium, in French Calais, gate of entry, fortress and key of France, came under the power of the Spanish King Philip in April of the year 1597.
COMMENTARY BY BRAUN: "Calais [...] is a city in Flanders, a very strong fortress due to its natural location and the skill of its builders, that has always been considered a key or, as it were, a gateway to France. [...] Calais lies on the border when one travels from Flanders to England, exactly opposite the English port of Dover."
This bird's-eye view shows the city of Calais from the south. Bitterly contested in the Middle Ages, Calais was England's last bastion on the European continent when - after just 200 years in English hands - it was restored to France in 1558. Since the city also suffered severe bombing in the Second World War, little remains today of the historical fabric that is here clearly visible. On the left is the citadel of Calais, which was built on the foundations of the medieval castle of Philippe Hurepel, Count of Boulogne. In the centre of the city lies the town hall, which was completely remodelled in the Flemish Renaissance style from 1911 and in front of which Auguste Rodin's famous monument The Burghers of Calais now stands. Also visible on the left, is the Tour de Guet, a 13th-century donjon, which is all that survives of a former castle, and, on the far right, the church of Notre-Dame. (Taschen)
The Civitates Orbis Terrarum, or the "Braun & Hogenberg", is a six-volume town atlas and the greatest book of town views and plans ever published: 363 engravings, sometimes beautifully coloured. It was one of the best-selling works in the last quarter of the 16th century. Georg Braun wrote the text accompanying the plans and views on the verso. A large number of the plates were engraved after the original drawings of Joris Hoefnagel (1542-1600), who was a professional artist. The first volume was published in Latin in 1572, the sixth volume in 1617. Frans Hogenberg created the tables for volumes I through IV, and Simon van den Neuwel created those for volumes V and VI. Other contributors were cartographer Daniel Freese, and Heinrich Rantzau. Works by Jacob van Deventer, Sebastian Münster, and Johannes Stumpf were also used. Translations appeared in German and French.
Reference: Van der Krogt 4, 741, State 2; Taschen, Br. Hog., p.375.
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