Mexico regia et celebris Hispaniae Novae civitas [with] Cusco regni Peru in novo orbe caput.

From part one of the "Civitates", the only view in the entire work to depict cities of the New World. Shown here are the great cities of the Aztec and Inca culture at the time of their conquest by the Spanish conquistadors under Cortes and Pizarro.
The view of Tenochtitlán, the Aztec capital (site of the present Mexico City) that astonished the conquistadors when they first saw it, is based on a map in the letters of Hernán Cortés (1485–1547) published in 1524.

Important sites are included, such as the marketplace, the sacrificial temple, and palace of Moctezuma.
The view is paired with one of Cusco, Peru, the capital city of the Inca Empire. The representation of Cusco shows the square bordered by the Inca palace, the great temple and the homes of senior dignitaries, from which four roads led to the most remote corners of the Inca empire. Dignitaries of the respective empires are depicted in the foreground of each view.
Native figures fill the foregrounds of each view, the Inca King, possibly Atahualpa, being carried aloft on a covered throne by somewhat idealized native followers.
An important early depiction of the important cities of colonial Spanish America.

More about Braun and Hogenberg, Civitatus [+]